Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (FIV), commonly known as "cat AIDS", is a worrying viral pathology that can affect our domestic felines. Despite its marked differences from human HIV, this disease is not lacking in striking similarities. In this article, Lore & Science tells you all you need to know about FIV in cats, exploring its causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods and management options.
What is FIV in cats?
FIV is caused by a virus called feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). This virus belongs to the lentivirus family, like HIV in humans. It is mainly spread by deep bites during fights between unneutered male cats. Biting allows the virus to enter the animal's bloodstream. Once a cat has contracted feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), it can remain asymptomatic for many years. This viral infection sneakily attacks the animal's immune system, primarily targeting T lymphocytes, the immune cells responsible for defending against pathogens. The result is a slow erosion of the cat's ability to cope with infections. As the seasons pass, the animal begins to develop increasingly serious health problems, revealing the progression of the disease.
How is FIV diagnosed?
One of the most commonly used means of diagnosing FIV is the antibody test. This blood test detects the presence of specific antibodies produced by the cat in response to infection with the virus. However, it should be noted that this test can give a positive result as early as a few weeks after infection, but is not reliable in kittens nursed by an infected mother, as they may have their mother's antibodies without being infected themselves.
To confirm the diagnosis of FIV, a viral RNA test can be performed. This is a molecular biology technique that detects the presence of the genetic material of the virus itself in the cat's blood. This test is more specific and reliable than the antibody test, and can help distinguish infected cats from cats carrying passive antibodies from their mother.
In some cases, further tests may be required to confirm the diagnosis. These may includeblood tests to assess the number of T lymphocytes, which are often reduced in FIV-infected cats. Urine tests may also be carried out to assess kidney function, as FIV can lead to kidney problems.
Thus, a thorough clinical examination by a veterinarian is essential to diagnose FIV. The vet will examine the cat's general condition, checking for symptoms such as recurrent infections, dental problems or swollen lymph nodes, which can be indicators of the disease.
It's important to note that the diagnosis of FIV should not be taken lightly. If a cat is diagnosed positive, it must be isolated from other uninfected cats to prevent the spread of the virus. In addition, regular veterinary follow-up is essential to monitor the cat's state of health and provide appropriate care. Although FIV cannot be cured, proper management can help maintain a cat's quality of life for many years.
How to care for and treat a cat with FIV?
The care of cats suffering from feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (FIV) requires a delicate and careful approach, as there is unfortunately no specific treatment to cure this viral disease. However, it is imperative to put in place measures to improve their quality of life while minimizing the risk of spreading the virus.
First of all, sterilization is the crucial first step for FIV+ cats to avoid territorial fights, potential bites, and transmission of the virus during mating. This surgical procedure also helps reduce the stress and risks associated with reproduction. In addition, it is strongly recommended that FIV cats be kept indoors, with limited exposure to the outdoors. This considerably reduces the risk of contact with other cats likely to spread the virus, as well as the risk of injury and infection.
On the care side, regular dental care, including scaling and extraction of problem teeth, is essential to maintain good oral health in FIV+ cats. Indeed, they are more likely to develop oral problems, such as gum and tooth infections.
Finally, a quality diet tailored to their specific nutritional needs can boost their immune system and help them fight off infections. Foods rich in protein and antioxidants are particularly beneficial.
Of course, close collaboration and follow-up with your veterinarian are essential. Careful monitoring of the animal's health allows for early detection of any emerging problems, and the implementation of preventive interventions. Blood tests and screening tests should be carried out periodically to assess the progression of the disease.
In summary, the management of cats with FIV relies on a combination of preventive measures, regular medical care and an appropriate diet. Although FIV cannot be cured, proper management of the disease can prolong a cat's life and improve its quality of life. If you suspect your cat may have FIV, consult your vet for screening and advice on care.
Share your experience or questions with us in the comments β
